Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting increases the incidence of left internal mammary artery obstruction

Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) gives a longstanding chronic inflammation and has a detrimental negative effect on long‐term survival. For this reason, we aimed to study the effect of mediastinitis on graft patency after CABG. The epidemiologic design was of an exposed (mediastinitis, n = 41) versus non‐exposed (non‐mediastinitis, controls, n = 41) cohort with two endpoints: (i) obstruction of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and (ii) obstruction of the internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts. The graft patency was evaluated with coronary CT‐angiography examination at a median follow‐up of 2·7 years. The number of occluded SVG in the mediastinitis group was 18·9% versus 15·5% in the control group. Using generalized estimating equations model with exchangeable matrix, and confounding effect of ischaemic time and patients age, we found no significant association between presence of mediastinitis and SVG obstruction [rate ratio (RR) = 0·96, 95% CI (0·52–2·67), P = 0·697]. The number of occluded IMA grafts was 10·5% in the mediastinitis group and 2·4% in the control group. Using the Poisson regression model, we estimated RR = 5·48, 95% CI (1·43–21·0) and P = 0·013. There was a significant association between mediastinitis and IMA graft obstruction, when controlling for the confounding effect of ischaemic time, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus and the number of diseased vessels. Presence of mediastinitis increases the risk of IMA graft obstruction. This may confirm the importance of inflammation as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and explain the negative effect of mediastinitis on a long‐term survival.     

Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting: the effect of vacuum‐assisted closure versus traditional closed drainage on survival and re‐infection rate

Mediastinitis is treated with either vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) or traditional closed drainage (TCD) with irrigation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the two treatments on mortality and re‐infection rate in a source population, using 21 314 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from January 1997 to October 2010. Median observation time was 2·9 years in the VAC group and 8·0 years in the TCD group. The epidemiological design was of an exposed (VAC, n = 64) versus non‐exposed (TCD, n = 66) cohort with two endpoints: (1) mortality and (2) failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection. The crude effect of treatment technique versus endpoint was estimated by univariate analysis. Stratification analysis by the Mantel–Haenszel method was performed to quantify confounders and to pinpoint effect modifiers. Adjustment for confounders was performed using Cox regression analysis. Mediastinitis was diagnosed 6–105 (median 14) days after primary operation in the VAC group and 13 (5–29) days in the TCD group. There was no difference between groups in long‐term survival. Failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection occurred less frequently in the VAC group (6%) than in the TCD group (21%; relative risk = 0·29, 95% CI = 0·06–0·88, P = 0·01). There are concerns for increase in right ventricle rupture in VAC compared with TCD. There was no difference in survival after VAC therapy and TCD therapy of post‐CABG mediastinitis. Failure of sternal wound healing or re‐infection was more common after TCD therapy.     

川崎病39例临床分析

目的探讨小儿川崎病的临床特点。方法采用回顾性调查的方法,对39例川崎病患儿进行临床分析。结果39例患儿发生冠状动脉改变11例,其中8例随访半年（失访3例）,冠状动脉内径均恢复正常。结论对川崎病患儿进行早期诊断、早期大剂量应用丙种球蛋白静脉滴注辅以抗凝治疗,是防止冠状动脉病变、减轻临床症状、提高治愈率的有效手段。     

四维自动左心房定量技术评估原发性高血压患者左心房功能

目的 探讨四维自动左心房定量(4D AUTO LAQ)技术评价原发性高血压(EH)患者左心房重塑的临床应用价值。方法 收集2020年9月至2021年9月就诊于我院的EH患者99例,根据左心室质量指数(LVMI)将病例组分为非左心室壁肥厚(NLVH)组(n=53),左心室壁肥厚(LVH)组(n=46)；血压正常健康体检者48例作为对照组(n=48)。常规及组织多普勒超声检查获取左心房内径(LADs)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口舒张早期流速(E)、二尖瓣口舒张晚期流速(A)、二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值(e")、E/e"等参数；4D AUTO LAQ技术检查获取左心房的容积和应变参数,包括左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVpreA)、左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房容积指数(LAVI)、左心房储器期纵向应变(LASr)、左心房储器期圆周应变(LASr-c)、左心房导管期纵向应变(LAScd)、左心房导管期圆周应变(LAScd-c)、左心房增压泵期纵向应变(LASct)、左心房增压泵期圆周应变(LASct-c)等,比较三组各参数差异；绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算4D AUTO LAQ技术各参数的曲线下面积。结果 常规超声结果显示：与对照组相比,NLVH组LADs、LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；与对照组相比,LVH组LADs增大,LVEF降低(P<0.05)；与NLVH组相比,LVH组LADs增大(P<0.05),LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4D AUTO LAQ技术结果显示：与对照组相比,NLVH组LASr、LAScd降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),LAEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；LVH组LASr、LASr-c、LASct、LASct-c、LAScd、LAEF降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；LVH组LASr、LASr-c、LASct、LASct-c、LAEF低于NLVH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示LASr评价EH患者左心房功能比其它左心房应变参数更敏感(对照组和NLVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.813；对照组和LVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.918；NLVH组和LVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.790)。结论 EH患者左心房应变改变早于左心室收缩功能改变。左心房应变参数中,LASr、LAScd评估EH患者左心房功能的效能最高。4D AUTO LAQ技术可用于高血压患者早期左心房容积及应变参数的获取,从而对左心房功能进行评估。     

Eight-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Evaluation of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 8-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT-CA) could replace invasive conventional coronary angiography (CCA) in patients with acquired severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). Coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis should be obtained with a noninvasive method in patients with AS undergoing valvular replacement. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT-CA in detecting high-grade (≥50%) stenoses in the main coronary arteries in patients with AS.Methods Twenty-three patients with acquired severe AS underwent both CCA and MDCT-CA. We calculated the total and volumetric calcium scores and evaluated the image quality of each coronary segment as assessable or nonassessable for stenosis. The images of the arteries were evaluated for the occurrence of artifacts and the presence of high-grade stenoses (≥50%) by visual estimation and comparison with that of CCA.Results Of the 322 segments screened 224 were assessable for stenosis. Heavy calcium load rendered 37 (38%) of the 98 coronary segments nonassessable.Compared to CCA, MDCT-CA had a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 52%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for ≥50% stenoses in the main coronary arteries.Conclusions Eight-row MDCT-CA revealed a low sensitivity in detecting significant coronary artery disease in patients with acquired severe AS. High calcium burden decreased visualization of the lumen and complicated most often a correct assessment. In this patient group, CCA should still remain the primary pre-surgical test to rule out coronary lesions requiring revascularization.     

应变率显像评价高血压患者左室功能

目的探讨高血压患者左室心肌应变特征。方法90例原发性高血压患者及30例正常人,行常规超声心动图检查并测量左房、左室大小;室间隔和左室后壁厚度及其室壁增厚率,左室短轴缩短率和射血分数;同时测定舒张早期左室充盈峰速度(E)、心房收缩期左室充盈峰速度(A)、E/A比值等参数。依据左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)将90例原发性高血压患者分为两组左室肥厚组52例(LVH,左室质量指数男≥134g/m2,女≥110g/m2);无左室肥厚组38例(NLVH,左室质量指数男<134g/m2,女<110g/m2)。应用应变率显像技术(SRI)分别测定其应变与应变率参数。结果与对照组及NLVH组相比,LVH组收缩期峰值应变(PSS)、收缩期应变率峰值(SRs)及舒张早期应变率峰值(SRe)均降低(P均<0.05),而各组心房收缩期应变率峰值(SRa)无明显差别。结论应变率显像技术可评价不同程度原发性高血压患者的左室心肌收缩、舒张功能。     

影响桡动脉采血的相关因素分析

目的探讨性别、年龄、肥胖、心衰等因素对桡动脉采血的影响.方法298例呼吸科患者,经桡动脉采血325次.根据患者的不同情况分为:男、女性组,青、中、老年组,心衰、非心衰组,肥胖、非肥胖组.统计各组群经桡动脉采血的成功率,比较各相应组群间采血成功率的差异.结果男性组成功率高于女性组;老年组成功率低于青年组;心衰组成功率低于非心衰组;上述各组群间比较有统计学意义(p＜0.05或p＜0.01).肥胖组成功率与非肥胖组间比较无显著性差异(p＞0.05).结论患者性别、年龄、心衰等因素均可影响桡动脉采血成功率,但肥胖因素并不影响桡动脉采血成功率.     

声学造影诊断无血流限制性冠脉狭窄的新方法

目的探讨应用声学造影(MCE)在非负荷状态下诊断无血流限制性冠脉狭窄(NFLS)的可行性.方法分别在犬的前降支(LAD)无狭窄及两种不同程度的NFLS状态,MCE 采用高机械指数连续脉冲成像方法;比较不同状态下心脏收缩末声学造影强度(VIS)与舒张末造影强度(VID)的比值,探讨应用MCE在非负荷状态下诊断NFLS的可行性.结果随着冠脉狭窄程度的加重,VIS与VID比值进行性增大(P＜0 .05) .结论测量心脏收缩期与舒张期声学造影强度比值可用于非负荷状态下诊断无血流限制性的冠脉狭窄.     

音乐疗法联合早期运动对冠脉搭桥患者术后焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的探讨音乐疗法联合早期运动对改善患者冠脉搭桥手术后焦虑抑郁情绪的效果。方法采用随机对照试验法,将300例搭桥患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组在接受常规治疗和护理的同时给予音乐疗法联合早期运动,对照组仅接受常规治疗和护理。结果术后5 d,实验组焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论音乐疗法联合早期运动可改善搭桥患者术后的焦虑抑郁情绪。     

雷帕霉素药物涂层支架治疗分叉病变不同方法的对比

目的：比较主支内或主支与分支内同时置入雷帕霉素药物涂层支架(CYPHERTM，cordis)治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的临床疗效。方法：主要冠状动脉分叉病变31例，20例采用对吻球囊技术对主支和分支预扩张．仅主支内置入CYPHERTM支架。B组11例采用“T型”支架技术，分别在主支和分支置入CYPHERTM支架。临床随访3～6个月．观察主要不良心脏事件的发生。结果：两组患之间基础临床情况及冠脉造影血管特征差异无显性。A组主支成功率为100％，分支成功率90％(18／20)。B组支架成功率为100％。两组均无主要不良心脏事件发生。结论：主支或主支与分支内同时置入CYPHERTM支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变同样安全有效。